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 Principal \Prin"ci*pal\, n.
   1. A leader, chief, or head; one who takes the lead; one who
      acts independently, or who has controlling authority or
      influence; as, the principal of a faction, a school, a
      firm, etc.; -- distinguished from a {subordinate},
      {abettor}, {auxiliary}, or {assistant}.
      [1913 Webster]

   2. Hence: (Law)
      (a) The chief actor in a crime, or an abettor who is
          present at it, -- as distinguished from an accessory.
      (b) A chief obligor, promisor, or debtor, -- as
          distinguished from a surety.
      (c) One who employs another to act for him, -- as
          distinguished from an agent. --Wharton. --Bouvier.
          --Burrill.
          [1913 Webster]

   3. A thing of chief or prime importance; something
      fundamental or especially conspicuous. Specifically:
      (a) (Com.) A capital sum of money, placed out at interest,
          due as a debt or used as a fund; -- so called in
          distinction from interest or profit.
      (b) (Arch. & Engin.) The construction which gives shape
          and strength to a roof, -- generally a truss of timber
          or iron, but there are roofs with stone principals.
          Also, loosely, the most important member of a piece of
          framing.
      (c) (Mus.) In English organs the chief open metallic stop,
          an octave above the open diapason. On the manual it is
          four feet long, on the pedal eight feet. In Germany
          this term corresponds to the English open diapason.
      (d) (O. Eng. Law) A heirloom; a mortuary. --Cowell.
      (e) pl. The first two long feathers of a hawk's wing.
          --Spenser. --J. H. Walsh.
      (f) One of turrets or pinnacles of waxwork and tapers with
          which the posts and center of a funeral hearse were
          formerly crowned. --Oxf. Gloss.
      (g) A principal or essential point or rule; a principle.
          [Obs.]
          [1913 Webster]